Odontogenic keratocyst. Case report and literature review.

Abstract

Introduction: the keratocyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst with a tendency to recur, characterized by a histological appearance of parakeratinized lining epithelium with basal cells similar to ameloblasts in palisade. Treatment largely depends on the extent of the cyst and the degree of multilocularity. Objective: to describe a surgical treatment prescribed to a 55-year-old male patient, who presents a cystic lesion in the posterior third of the mandible who attends the comprehensive adult clinic of the UNERG dentistry area, during the period from January to July. of the year 2022. Materials and methods: The methodology used was framed in the positivist paradigm, being a field-descriptive study, not experimental-transectional in the clinical case study modality. To carry out the data collection, the following instruments were used: clinical history, panoramic radiography, tomography, histopathological studies, laboratory tests, cell phone. Descriptive analysis techniques were used, where the process was studied, the patient's history, the positive evolution after performing the surgical enucleation of the cystic lesion; A sample was taken for an excisional biopsy establishing a presumptive diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst and a differential diagnosis of a unicystic ameloblastoma. Results: The biopsy revealed an odontogenic keratocyst. It is a benign, asymptomatic, aggressive and highly relapsing pathology. Radiographic control is indicated once a year and in this way guarantee the success of the surgery. In the first examination, bone remodeling was observed in the area where the lesion was initially located. Conclusions: Enucleation is a conservative treatment in the case of small unilocular and mutilocular cysts.