Evolution of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in neonates in the intensive care area of the "Delfina Torres de Concha" hospital

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in preterm neonates in the intensive care area of the Delfina Torres de Concha General Hospital. Materials and Methods: The research is a quantitative study, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope. The probabilistic sample was made up of 49 mothers of premature infants. The techniques used are the documentary study and the survey. The inclusion criteria included both sexes, who were born between 26 and 35 weeks of gestation, during the months of July, August and September 2020. The variables were the sociodemographic factors of the mothers, maternal risk factors, gender , route of delivery, birth weight, neonatal complications and infant mortality. Results: The results show that the prevailing ethnic group was mestizo (65.3%), the most represented marital status was common-law (51.0%) and the level of schooling is very low, as well as the economic per capita familiar. Maternal risk factors were hypertension (21.5%), age, and preeclampsia (18.5%, respectively). In newborns, the male sex (46.9%) prevailed over the female (53.06%), as did the cesarean sections (55.1%). The most important complications were intraventricular hemorrhage (23.8%), persistent pulmonary hypertension (20.6%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (15.9%). The infant mortality rate stood at 32.7%. Conclusions: There is a correlation between severe complications in newborns and neonatal mortality. Due to the family and social importance of the death of newborns and the frequency of respiratory disorders in the morbidity and mortality of newborns in said Hospital, it is necessary to carry out studies that stimulate prevention and timely diagnosis, especially in contexts like ours.