Study of Physical and Cognitive Ergonomics in University Faculty Workstations

Abstract

Introduction: In Ecuador, the lack of a preventive culture in workplaces and limited institutional oversight have contributed to the development of occupational diseases among workers. The Ministry of Public Health (MSP) presented the 2021–2022 National Panorama of Worker Health, revealing high levels of musculoskeletal and mental health issues across various sectors. This reality highlights the urgent need to implement ergonomic strategies to improve working conditions. Objective: To identify physical and cognitive ergonomic risk factors present in the workstations of university faculty using validated assessment tools. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with full-time faculty members from a technical university in Ecuador. A probabilistic sample of six faculty members was randomly selected. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the ROSA (Rapid Office Strain Assessment) method, and a psychosocial risk assessment tool recommended by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Labor were applied. Results: Ergonomic evaluations revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort, particularly in the neck, lower back, and wrists, attributable to poorly designed workstations. ROSA scores ranged from 7 to 8, indicating high ergonomic risk levels that require immediate intervention. The psychosocial risk assessment indicated a predominance of medium-level risks, especially related to workload and work pace. Conclusion: Significant ergonomic deficiencies were identified in the work environments of the evaluated faculty members. Inadequate furniture and organizational practices increase the risk of conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic low back pain, and neck strain. Timely ergonomic interventions could improve occupational health and teaching performance.