Automatización en la gestión de procesos empresariales: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/PH0573Palabras clave:
gestión de procesos empresariales, automatización de procesos, BPM, transformación digital, inteligencia artificialResumen
La gestión de procesos empresariales o business process management (BPM) se ha consolidado como un enfoque estratégico en la transformación digital organizacional, debido a la incorporación de tecnologías automatizadas dirigidas a optimizar la eficiencia operativa y fortalecer la toma de decisiones. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la evidencia sobre los procedimientos de automatización en BPM y su influencia en el desempeño de los procesos empresariales, su eficiencia, la digitalización y la variabilidad de los procesos. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión sistemática basada en el protocolo PRISMA 2020, y se utilizaron las bases de datos Scopus, SciELO y Dialnet. Por estos medios, se seleccionaron 15 estudios conforme a criterios de elegibilidad. La evidencia analizada indica que la automatización fortalece la eficiencia operativa, reduce tiempos y costos, mejora la trazabilidad de las actividades y optimiza la gestión de la información mediante tecnologías como la inteligencia artificial (IA), la automatización robótica de procesos y las herramientas low-code. Asimismo, la evidencia sugiere que la automatización depende del nivel de madurez digital, la complejidad de los procesos y las capacidades organizacionales disponibles, por lo que se observaron mayores beneficios en procesos estructurados y repetitivos. Se concluye que la automatización constituye un elemento estratégico para la modernización y adaptación empresarial, aunque su efectividad depende de la adecuada integración entre tecnología, capacidades organizacionales y gestión del cambio.
Descargas
Citas
Akinbowale, O., Zerihun, M. y Mashigo, P. (2026). Business process management framework: systematic review of the trends, potentials and future. Cogent Business & Management, 13(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2026.2627025
Anwar, A. y Akeel, M. O. (2026). Integrating artificial intelligence in audit workflow: Opportunities, architecture, and challenges: A systematic review. Accounting and Auditing, 2(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/accountaudit2010004
Arno, P. (2025). From theory to practice: Empirical insights on BPM lifecycle adoption and low-code utilization in SMEs. IEEE Access, 13, 117385-117403. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3585261
Aysolmaz, B. (2023). Examining and comparing the critical success factors between business process management and business process automation. Journal of Global Information Management, 31(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.318476
Bandara, W., Leyer, M. y Rosemann, M. (2025). From automation to autonomisation: How to capitalise on empowered. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 29, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v29.6059
Bartlett, L., Kabir, M. y Han, J. (2023). A review on business process management system design: The role of virtualization and work design. IEEE Access, 11, 116786-116819. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3323445
Berniak-Wo?ny, J., y Szel?gowski, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Business Process Management and Knowledge Management Integration: Bridging the Scholarly Gap. Information, 15(8), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080436
Bianchi, I., Galguinho, A., Shurenov, N., Tovma, N. y Perira, R. (2024). Towards the path of process digitalization: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 15(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSSMET.358052
Chams-Anturi, O., Soto-Ferrari, M., Gomez, A., Escorcia-Caballero, J., Romero-Rodriguez, D. y Casile, M. (2022). A comprehensive business process management application to evaluate and improve the importations practices on big-box stores. Operations and Supply Chain Management, 15(2), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.31387/oscm0490338
Coman, L.-I., Ianculesco, M., Paraschiv, E.-A., Alexandru, A. y B?d?r?u, I.-A. (2024). Smart solutions for diet-related disease management: Connected care, remote health monitoring systems, and integrated insights for advanced evaluation. Applied Sciences, 14(6), 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062351
Da Silva, D., São, H. y Mira, M. (2022). Robotic Process Automation (RPA) adoption: a systematic literature review. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 14(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2022-0012
De Menezes, T., y Salgado, A. (2024). Using Logs to Reduce the Impact of Process Variability and Dependence on Practitioners in Requirements Engineering for Traditional Business Process Automation Software. IEEE Access, 12, 192874-192893. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3514801
Delgado, A., Calegari, D., García, F., y Weber, B. (2022). Model-driven management of BPMN-based business process families. Software and Systems Modeling, 21, 2517-2553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-022-00985-3
Dumas, M., Fournier, F., Limonad, L., Marrella, A., Montali, M., Rehse, J.-R., Accorsi, R., Calvanese, D., De Giacomo, G., Fahlan, D., Gal, A., La Rosa, M., Völzer, H. y Weber, I. (2023). AI-augmented business process management systems: A research manifesto. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, 14(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3576047
El Khatib, M., Almarri, A., Almemari, A. y Alqassimi, A. (2023). How does Robotics Process Automation (RPA) affect project management practices. Advances in Internet of Things, 13, 13-30. https://doi.org/10.4236/ait.2023.132002
Elhaj, S., Odeh, Y., Tbaishat, D., Rjoop, A., Mansour, A. y Odeh, M. (2024). Informing the state of process modeling and automation of blood banking and transfusion services through a systematic mapping study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 17, 473-489. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S443674
Fetais, A., Abdella, G. M., Al-Khalifa, K. N. y Hamouda, A. M. (2022). Business process re-engineering: A literature review-based analysis of implementation measures. Information, 13(4), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13040185
Fettke, P., y Di Francescomarino, C. (2025). Business Process Management and Artificial Intelligence. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, 39, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-025-00891-y
François, P., Borghoff, V., Mayr, A., Plattfaut, R. y Janlesch, C. (2026). The BPM Goal Hexagon: an update to the Devil’s Quadrangle. Management Review Quarterly, 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-026-00586-0
García-Vidal, G., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., Guzmán-Vilar, L., Martínez-Vivar, R. y Pérez-Campdesuñer, R. (2025). Exploring MSME owners’ expectations of data-driven approaches to Business Process Management. Systems, 13(4), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040265
Granda-Campoverde, R. y Bermeo-Valencia, C. (2022). Transformación digital: propuesta metodológica para la automatización de procesos desde el enfoque del BPM. Uisrael. Revista Científica, 9(3), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.35290/rcui.v9n3.2022.621
Hong, Q., Pluye, P., Fábregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., y Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018: User guide. McGill University.
Hossain, A. y Khan, K. (2022). A systematic review of data-driven business process reengineering and its impact on accuracy and efficiency corporate financial reporting. International Journal of Business and Economics Insights, 2(4), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.63125/btx52a36
Joanna Briggs Institute (2017). The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews. JBI. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools
Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). Checklist for analytical cross sectional studies. JBI. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools
Khantong, S. y Sriboonlue, P. (2026). Robotic process automation in Business Process Management: A systematic literature review and an integrated framework. Technologies, 14, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14040225
Kirikkayis, Y., Winter, M. y Reichert, M. (2024). A user study on modeling IoT-Aware processes with BPMN 2.0. Information, 15, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040229
Komkowski, T., Antony, J., Garza-Reyes, J., Luz, G. y Pongboonchai-Empl, T. (2023). A systematic review of the integration of Industry 4.0 with quality-related operational excellence methodologies. Quality Management Journal, 30(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2022.2144783
Kumar, R., Dutta, G. y Phanden, R. (2025). Digitalization adoption barriers in the context of sustainability and operational excellence: Implications for SMEs. Engineering Management Journal, 37(4), 355-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2024.2372519
Kuzior, A. y Sira, M. (2025). Sustainable digital economy transformation through intelligent automation: a multi-environmental framework for strategic decision-making. Sustainability, 17(17), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177723
Laksita, P., Tadhika, R. y Tjahyadi, R. (2025). Business process reengineering in production automation using autonomous mobile robot: A review. International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 9(6), 2742-2749. https://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.9.6.3401
Melnyk, L., Kalinichenko, L., Rozghon, Y., Derykolenko, O., Kovtun, O. y Tulyakov, O. (2024). Prospects of Business Process Management based on chatbots. Business Perspectives, 22(2), 197-212. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(2).2024.16
Messai, H., Bentayeb, A., y Zemmouchi-Ghomari, L. (2025). Bridging the Gap: A Review of Robotic Process Automation and Process Mining Integration. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 16(1), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.65041/IJET.2025.16.1.10
Möller, M., Winter, M., y Reichert, M. (2025). Cognitive Factors in Process Model Comprehension—A Systematic Literature Review. Brain Sciences, 15(5), https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050505
Montoya, M. y Aguirre, Y. (2025). Robotic process automation technology applied to the management of SMES in the manufacturing and service sector: A systematic review. Revista Universidad y Empresa, 27(48), a14237. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/empresa/a.14237
Moreira, S., Mamede, H. y Santos, A. (2024). Business process automation in SMEs: a systematic literature review. IEEE Access, 12, 75832-75864. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3406548
Oberle, L. (2023). How to build responsive service processes in German banks: the role of process documentation and the myth of automation. Business Process Management Journal, 29(2), 578-596. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2022-0573
Page, M., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
Pranata, S., Hadi, K., Riza Chakim, M. H., Shino, Y. y Hikam, I. N. (2023). Business relationship in Business Process Management and management with the literature review method. ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, 5(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v5i1sp.912
Santos, S., Santos, V. y Mamede, H. (2025). Rebooting procurement processes: Leveraging the synergy of RPA and BPM for optimized efficiency. Electronics, 14, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132694
Silvares, C., São, H., y Costa, J. (2024). Best practices for business process automation description – a case study. Enterprise Information Systems, 18(10), 1211-1239. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2024.2400474
Smajli, E., Feldman, G. y Cox, S. (2025). Exploring the limitations of business process maturity models: A systematic literature review. Information Systems Management, 42(1), 2-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2024.2332210
Taherdoost, H. y Madanchian, M. (2024). Blockchain and Business Process Management (BPM) synergy: A comparative analysis of modeling approaches. Information, 15(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15010009
Teixeira, A., Vasconcelos, J. y Ramos, A. (2024). Optimization of business processes through BPM methodology: A case study on data analysis and performance improvement. Information, 15, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110724
Truong, B., Huu, D., Van, N. y Anh, N. (2025). Integrating RPA, BPM, and DT in the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0: a strategic approach for modern enterprises. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 14(6), 5028-5042. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i6.10535
Tsarouhas, P. y Papaevangelou, N. (2024). Critical steps and conditions to be included in a business model in logistics, seeking competitive advantage from the perspective of the modern digital age and industry 4.0. Applied Sciences, 14(7), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072701
Variyar, A. y Karangara, R. (2026). Enhancing complex decision making in BPM through artificial intelligence: A systematic examination. ShodhAI: Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 3(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhai.v3.i1.2026.72
Viteri-Sánchez, C. y Novillo-Villegas, S. (2025). A framework for a sustainable adoption of Business Process Management. Sustainability, 17(21), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219827
Zebec, A. e Indihar, M. (2024). Creating AI business value through BPM capabilities. Business Process Management Journal, 30(8), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2023-0566
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Lourdes Victoria Sánchez-García , Claudia Patricia Lozano-Rocha , Cynthia Ludy Sánchez-Elaluff , Pedro Lito Rivera-Cardozo , Roger Agustín Mafaldo-Herrera
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
