Inteligencia artificial en gestión pública latinoamericana: transparencia, equidad y valor público

Luis Miguel     Alfaro-Chirinos; Medali     Cueva-Rodríguez

doi:10.47606/ACVEN/PH0496

Authors

Luis Miguel Alfaro-Chirinos Universidad César Vallejo. Lima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-6994
Medali Cueva-Rodríguez Universidad César Vallejo. Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-5477

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/PH0496

Keywords:

artificial intelligence, public management, latin america, public value, transparency.

Abstract

This review article identifies the available empirical evidence regarding the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on public management in Latin America (2016-2025), considering its uses, benefits, and limitations. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the search was carried out in Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet, including articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, including the elimination of duplicates by DOI and title, and methodological evaluation using MMAT and CASP. The final sample included 30 studies from Scopus (n=25), Dialnet (n=2), SciELO (n=2), and Redalyc (n=1). The study found that AI has applications in areas such as predictive analytics, natural language processing, audit automation, citizen service management, and public resource optimization. However, a lack of empirical development was identified in aspects such as legitimacy, inclusion, and institutional trust. Likewise, transparency was found to be addressed in fragmented terms of information availability rather than in terms of the explainability of the algorithms. Meanwhile, aspects such as equity emerged as a key dimension. It is concluded that AI can be integrated into public administration, provided that its ethical evaluation and accountability mechanisms are prioritized.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adamczyk, W. B., Monasterio, L., & Fochezatto, A. (2021). Automation in the future of public sector employment: the case of Brazilian Federal Government. Technology in Society, 67, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2021.101722

Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big Data’s Disparate Impact. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2477899

Batista, M., Rocha, V., & dos Santos, J. L. A. (2020). Transparência, corrupção e má gestão: uma análise dos municípios brasileiros. Revista de Administração Pública, 54(5), 1382–1401. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220190290

Benítez, V. H. G., & Ruvalcaba-Gómez, E. A. (2021). Analysis of national artificial intelligence strategies in Latin America: A study of the ethics and human rights approaches. Revista de Gestión Pública, 10(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.22370/RGP.2021.10.1.3151

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. (2019). OECD principles on artificial intelligence state that AI systems should be designed so that they respect human rights, include safeguards. OECD. https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/%C3%BAltimas-noticias/oecd-principles-on-artificial-intelligence-state-that-ai-systems-should-be-designed-so-that-they-respect-human-rights-include-safeguards/

CASP UK. (2018). CASP Checklists. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/

Chenou, J. M., & Valenzuela, L. E. R. (2021). Habeas Data, Habemus Algorithms: Algorithmic Intervention in Public Interest Decision-Making in Colombia. Law, State and Telecommunications Review, 13(2), 56–77. https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v13i2.34113

Curo, G. G., Lopez, G. S. L., Li, A. E. Q., & Paredes, W. M. (2022). Nuevas tecnologías y organizaciones del sector público en Perú. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia: RVG, ISSN-e 2477-9423, ISSN 1315-9984, Vol. 27, No. Extra 8, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Edición Especial), págs. 806-818, 27(8), 806–818. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.8.5

de Souza Freire, F., Carvalho, G. P., Costa, L., Mendes Martins, V., Costa, C., & Saraiva, M. (2025). Automating public governance oversight: evidence from the Federal District of Brazil. Administratie si Management Public, 45, 91–109. https://doi.org/10.24818/amp/2025.45-05

Fajardo, B., & Neiva, S. (2025). ‘Malha Fina de Convênios’: an AI application for auditing in the Brazilian federal government. Public Money & Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2025.2499704

Finol-Romero, L. (2023). Transparency in perspective of open government: approach and conceptual map. Revista de derecho (Valdivia), 36(2), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-09502023000200141

Flores, A. M., Pavan, M. C., & Paraboni, I. (2021). User profiling and satisfaction inference in public information access services. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 2021 58:1, 58(1), 67–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10844-021-00661-W

Francisca, M., Rosado, E., Gabriela, M., & Bravo, E. (2025). Inteligencia Artificial y tecnologías emergentes como herramientas para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la Administración Pública: Artificial intelligence and emerging technologies as tools for strategic decision-making in public administration. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 6(4), 3171. https://doi.org/10.56712/LATAM.V6I4.4497

Garbaccio, G. L., & Lima Ramos, D. F. D. A. (2025). Utilização da Inteligência Artificial na Gestão Pública para Identificação de Irregularidades em Licitações e Contratos: Experiências Brasileira e Portuguesa. Revista Juridica, 3(83), 76–101. https://doi.org/10.26668/REVISTAJUR.2316-753X.V3I83.7741

Hong, Q. N., Pluye, P., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., Rousseau, M.-C., & Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version 2018 – User Guide. http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/127916259/MMAT_2018_criteria-manual_2018-08-01_ENG.pdf

Hood, C., & Heald, D. (2006). Transparency: The Key to Better Governance? En REVIEWS Public Administration (Vol. 86, Número 2). Oxford University Press. https://www.davidheald.com/coverage/PA%20Raab%202008.pdf

Jimbo-Santana, M., & Jimbo-Santana, P. (2021). Gobernanza Digital. Desarrollo de las Tecnopolíticas en los Países de América Latina: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura. Economía y Negocios, 12(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.29019/EYN.V12I1.906

Laurente, I., Mallqui, D., & Serafim, M. P. (2023). Políticas públicas en salud con uso de inteligencia artificial: producción de conocimiento científico en Sudamérica. Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade, 19(58), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.3895/RTS.V19N58.16619

Limongi, R., Tsai, S.-B., Anastacio, E., Rafael ANPAD, S., Panizzon, M., Janissek-Muniz, R., Marroni Borges, N., & Cainelli, A. (2025). Assessment Method for Generative AI Technology in Foresight and Policy Design in Public Management: Expanding AI Trustability for Anticipatory Governance. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 22(3), e240196. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692BAR2025240196

Manus, A. C. M., & Larraín, y. S. S. (2021). La transparencia y la no discriminación en el Estado de bienestar digital. Revista Chilena de Derecho y Tecnología, 10(2), 301–332. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-2584.2021.61034

Mehrabi, N., Morstatter, F., Saxena, N., Lerman, K., & Galstyan, A. (2021). A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning. ACM Computing Surveys, 54(6). https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:DL-SITE;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:CSUR;ISSUE:ISSUE:DOI

Mencke, W., Gomes, R., & Xavier, F. (2024). Impacts of AI-based anti-corruption audits on risk aversion in decision-making: a case study of the Brazilian ALICE tool. Global Public Policy and Governance 2024 4:3, 4(3), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/S43508-024-00098-1

Miranda-Hospinal, O., Villodre, J., Valle-Cruz, D., & Angulo-Sánchez, K. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the transparency and rationality of Peruvian public works: perceptions, expectations, challenges and opportunities. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 20(1), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-07-2024-0167

Moore, M. H. (1995). Creating public value: Strategic management in government. Harvard University Press.

Morales Rocha, J. L., Coyla Zela, M. A., Morillos Valderrama, S. O., & Quispe Mamani, D. (2023). Open government in municipalities of Peru as an alternative to generate trust in citizens. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(102), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.52080/RVGLUZ.28.102.2

Motta Do Nascimento, S., de Oliveira, M., Oliveira, D. C., Finkler, M., Hellmann, F., Coelho, E., & Bussinguer, A. (2025). Inteligencia artificial, derechos humanos y justicia social: un análisis bioético de las recomendaciones internacionales. Revista de Bioética y Derecho, 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1344/RBD2025.65.50275

Navarro, L. S. S., Chacón, A. M. G., Panduro, J. A. T., & Becerra, R. M. Á. (2022). Gobierno digital y modernización en entidades públicas peruanas: revisión sistemática de literatura. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia: RVG, ISSN-e 2477-9423, ISSN 1315-9984, Vol. 27, No. 100, 2022, págs. 1376-1389, 27(100), 1376–1389. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.100.6

Nohara, I. P., & Colombo, B. A. (2019). Tecnologias cívicas na interface entre direito e inteligência artificial: Operação Serenata de Amor para gostosuras ou travessuras? A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional, 19(76), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.21056/AEC.V19I76.1100

Nunes, E. H. da C., de Oliveira, J. C. B., Melo, L. M. de Q., Feitosa, C. E. A., & Monteiro, I. T. (2024). Democracy out-of-the-box: analysis of compliance with constitutional principles in tax policies that use Artificial Intelligence. Journal on Interactive Systems, 15(1), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.5753/JIS.2024.3879

Oselame Graf, J., & Müller Bitencourt, C. (2024). Digital government and the handling of sensitive data in the execution of public policies: challenges and possibilities. Araucaria, 26(56), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.12795/ARAUCARIA.2024.I56.06

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71

Prieto, E. A. C., Galarza, I. A. S., Guevara, A. P., Sanchez, S. P. V., & Calderón, R. F. C. (2024). Governance Model for Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector of Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2024. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 12850-12859-12850–12859. https://doi.org/10.62754/JOE.V3I8.6113

Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., Koffel, J. B., Blunt, H., Brigham, T., Chang, S., Clark, J., Conway, A., Couban, R., de Kock, S., Farrah, K., Fehrmann, P., Foster, M., Fowler, S. A., Glanville, J., … Young, S. (2021). PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13643-020-01542-Z

Romero, L. F. (2025). Transparency of the public administration: discussion and analysis from the perspective of artificial intelligence. Revista de Derecho Administrativo Económico (ReDAd), ISSN-e 2810-7500, ISSN 2810-7608, No. 41 (enero - junio), 2025, págs. 129-154, (41), 129–154. https://doi.org/10.7764/redad.41.8

Romero, L. F., & Villarroel, I. E. (2024). Transparencia de la inteligencia artificial en la administración pública: Una revisión de estándares internacionales. Revista de Direito Internacional, 21(1), 168–191. https://doi.org/10.5102/RDI.V21I1.9422

Romero, O. H., Julio, R., Rivera, C., Vallejo, U. C., & Perú, L. (2025). Políticas públicas basadas en datos e inteligencia artificial: revisión sistemática sobre modernización del estado y transformación digital. Impulso, Revista de Administración, 5(11), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.59659/IMPULSO.V.5I11.146

Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., & Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2023). Analysis of the perception of digital government and artificial intelligence in the public sector in Jalisco, Mexico. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 89(4), 1203–1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523231164587;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:RASB;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:RASB;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER

Selbst, A. D., Boyd, D., Friedler, S. A., Venkatasubramanian, S., & Vertesi, J. (2019). Fairness and abstraction in sociotechnical systems. FAT* 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287560.3287598;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER

Tavares, A. A., & Bitencourt, C. M. (2021). Diálogo entre o Direito e a Engenharia de Software para um novo paradigma de transparência: controle social digital. Revista Eurolatinoamericana de Derecho Administrativo, 8(1), 9–34. https://doi.org/10.14409/REDOEDA.V8I1.9676

UNESCO. (2021). Recomendación sobre la ética de la inteligencia artificial. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137_spa