Trastornos asociados a la calidad del sueño en personal sanitario ecuatoriano mediante el PSQI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0305Palabras clave:
Trastornos del sueño, calidad del sueño, personal sanitario, Índice de Pittsburgh, epidemiología, Ecuador, prevalencia, insomnioResumen
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos del sueño y los factores asociados a la calidad del sueño en personal sanitario ecuatoriano utilizando el Índice de Calidad del Sueno de Pittsburgh (PSQI), y analizar los componentes que presentan mayor alteración y sus implicaciones para la salud y el desempeño profesional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y analítico con 189 profesionales de la salud de hospitales públicos de Guayaquil, Ecuador, de 50 años o más, que trabajaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario en línea administrado entre julio y octubre de 2025. Se utilizó la versión en español validada del PSQI, que evalúa siete componentes de la calidad del sueño. Se aplicaron estadísticos descriptivos y pruebas de chi cuadrado para el análisis de asociaciones (nivel de significancia p < 0.05). Resultados: La prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño (PSQI mayor que 5) fue de 63.49 por ciento, y el 35.98 por ciento presento casos severos (PSQI mayor que 8). Los componentes más afectados fueron la duración del sueño (86.24 por ciento duerme menos de 7 horas), la eficiencia habitual (64.55 por ciento con eficiencia inferior al 85 por ciento) y la latencia (60.32 por ciento tarda más de 15 minutos en conciliar el sueño). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna (p < 0.001), ya que el 82.35 por ciento de los casos severos reporto somnolencia, frente al 34.78 por ciento de quienes presentaban buena calidad de sueño. Además, el 77.78 por ciento califico subjetivamente su sueño como "bueno" a pesar de mostrar alteraciones objetivas. Conclusiones: El personal sanitario ecuatoriano presenta una alta prevalencia de trastornos del sueño, superando las estimaciones de la población general. La discrepancia entre las mediciones objetivas y la percepción subjetiva sugiere una normalización de patrones de sueno deficientes, lo que resalta la necesidad de implementar programas sistemáticos de tamizaje con instrumentos validados.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Raul Germán Castro-García, Margoth Yessenia Franco-Jumbo, Delia Narcisa Crespo-Antepara, Mayda Nathalie Hernández-Varela, Víctor Manuel Reyes
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