Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0307Keywords:
HIV, antiretroviral treatment, adherence, SMAQ, smokingAbstract
Introduction: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for achieving viral suppression, preventing resistance, and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine factors associated with non-adherence to ART in people living with HIV treated at a referral hospital in Machala, Ecuador. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 100 patients on ART. Adherence was assessed using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Sociodemographic, behavioral, and treatment variables were collected. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated in bivariate analyses. Results: Men predominated (72.0%), as did the 30-42 age group (38.0%). Alcohol use was reported by 38.0% and smoking by 20.0%. Non-adherence was mainly observed as failure to follow dosing schedules (77.0%) and missing more than two doses in the past week (44.0%). Smoking was associated with greater non-adherence (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.00-9.04; p=0.049). Conclusions: Non-adherence was mainly linked to dosing schedule deviations and recent missed doses; smoking emerged as an associated factor. Nursing interventions focused on routine organization, reminders, and behavioral counseling should be strengthened.
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