Salivary pH and its variation according to oral pathologies and systemic diseases in patients treated at the UNERG Comprehensive Adult Dentistry Clinic

Abstract

Introduction: Salivary pH plays an essential role in maintaining oral health balance, as its variation may favor the development of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Objective: To determine the variation of salivary pH in relation to oral pathologies and systemic diseases in patients treated at the Adult Comprehensive Dental Clinic of UNERG during the first semester of 2023. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, field-based study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design was conducted. Forty patients (22 women and 18 men) were evaluated using pH test strips and an observation guide. Results: Dental caries was the most prevalent pathology (46% in women and 56% in men), followed by periodontitis. Neutral pH (7) predominated in both sexes; however, acidic values (5–6) were observed in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Saliva consistency was predominantly fluid. Conclusion: A relationship was identified between salivary pH and various oral and systemic pathologies. Alterations in pH may predispose individuals to conditions that compromise both oral and general health, highlighting the usefulness of salivary monitoring as a diagnostic and preventive tool in dental practice.