Clinical competencies in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: assessment of the level of theoretical knowledge of resident physicians in an adult emergency department.

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical intervention in cardiac arrest scenarios, where timely and high-quality application significantly improves survival outcomes. Evidence highlights that healthcare professionals must possess up-to-date knowledge aligned with guidelines from the American Heart Association to ensure effective emergency care. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among resident physicians in the adult emergency department of Hospital Central de Maracay, Aragua State, Venezuela, in September 2019. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population consisted of 50 resident physicians, from which a random sample of 40 participants was selected. A 20-item structured questionnaire, based on updated American Heart Association guidelines and validated by expert judgment, was administered. Variables included recognition of cardiac arrest, basic and advanced CPR, chest compressions, airway management, defibrillation, and pharmacological treatment. Knowledge levels were classified as excellent (18–20), good (15–17), fair (10–14), and poor (<10). Results: A total of 90% of participants correctly identified cardiac arrest, and 80% recognized the initial CPR protocol. However, 75% were unaware of the chain of survival and the concept of high-quality CPR. Airway management was adequate in 75% of cases, while deficiencies were observed in knowledge related to ventilation and hemodynamic goals. Overall, 72.5% of participants demonstrated a fair level of knowledge, and 27.5% a poor level, with no participants achieving good or excellent levels. Conclusion: Resident physicians showed significant deficiencies in CPR knowledge, highlighting the need to strengthen continuous training programs in basic and advanced life support to improve emergency care quality and patient outcomes.