Impacto del uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) en la formación de competencias clínicas en estudiantes de enfermería: una revisión sistemática.
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https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0315Palabras clave:
tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, competencias clínicas, educación en enfermería.Resumen
Introducción: Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) han transformado la formación en enfermería, ofreciendo simulación virtual, realidad inmersiva, aplicaciones móviles y recursos multimodales que potencian la adquisición de competencias clínicas procedimentales, cognitivas y comunicativas. Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del uso de las TIC en el desarrollo de competencias clínicas en estudiantes de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática PRISMA en PubMed, MDPI, SciELO y ScienceDirect (2015-2025). Se incluyeron estudios empíricos con evaluación de resultados en estudiantes de pregrado; se excluyeron revisiones y estudios teóricos. Tras cribado y aplicación de criterios, 27 estudios fueron analizados cualitativa y temáticamente. Resultados: Las intervenciones fueron heterogéneas: realidad virtual (RV/RA) inmersiva y no inmersiva, simulación en pantalla, apps móviles, serious games y plataformas e-learning. Se observaron mejoras consistentes en habilidades procedimentales (RCP, acceso vascular, transfusión, inyecciones) especialmente en diseños híbridos que combinan práctica virtual, retroalimentación inmediata y práctica háptica. También hubo aumentos en conocimiento, autoconfianza, motivación y satisfacción; los efectos sobre razonamiento clínico fueron variables y dependientes del debriefing y el andamiaje pedagógico. Conclusiones: Las TIC son herramientas efectivas para fortalecer competencias clínicas procedimentales en enfermería si se integran en secuencias híbridas, con evaluación estandarizada y debriefing guiado; se requieren ensayos multicéntricos, estudios longitudinales y análisis de costo-efectividad para consolidar evidencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Génesis Viviana Solis-Amaguaya , Amanda Cristhina Freres-Salvatierra , Karla Alexandra Sovenis-Goya , Gabriela Elizabeth Poma-Ortega
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