Impacto de la telemedicina en la gestión integral de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0291%20Palabras clave:
Telemedicina, telemonitorización, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, gestión integralResumen
Introducción: La telemedicina, como subcomponente de la eSalud, emplea videoconferencia, aplicaciones móviles y dispositivos conectados para ofrecer teleconsulta, telemonitoreo y teleasistencia. Esta modalidad ganó impulso durante la pandemia de COVID-19, evidenciándose su potencial para reconfigurar la atención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivos: Analizar el impacto de la telemedicina en la gestión integral de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: Se siguieron los lineamientos PRISMA para revisar artículos de PubMed, Scielo y ScienceDirect (2021-2025). Tras eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión/exclusión, 25 estudios fueron sometidos a análisis narrativo, enfatizando eficacia clínica, económica y psicosocial. Resultados: De 5.620 registros iniciales, 25 estudios cumplieron criterios. Las intervenciones incluyeron telemonitorización de glucemia, presión arterial, función pulmonar y telecoaching. Se observaron reducciones de HbA1c hasta 2 puntos porcentuales, disminución de riesgo combinado de muerte o rehospitalización en insuficiencia cardíaca y mejoras en FEV1, CAT y adherencia terapéutica. Además, se documentaron ahorros en costos de transporte y optimización de recursos. Conclusiones: La telemedicina es eficaz para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, mejora resultados clínicos y reduce costos. Se recomienda su integración permanente en modelos de atención, con futuras investigaciones que estandaricen protocolos y refuercen evaluaciones coste-efectivas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Freddy Fernando Jumbo Salazar, María Gabriela Salazar Villacís, Andrea Elizabeth Yanangomez Benavides, Diego Eduardo Gómez Aguayo, Karla Cristina Curipallo Tomalá
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
